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the short version, govt intervention, generally either increases prices at home, or overseas and to do this there is a cost to consumers or producers, along with loss in efficiency, where this loss of efficiency is called dead weight loss (used to be part of market but now disappeared of lack of efficiency). Also in the case of tariff, taxs, govt causes deadweight loss and also collects revenues. Also there can be a loss in overall welfare.
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``Oh people, know that you have committed great sins. If you ask me what proof I have for these words, I say it is because I am the punishment of God. If you had not committed great sins, God would not have sent a punishment like me upon you.''
-- Genghis Kahn, Bukhara 1220
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