These are from Pubmed and very reputable website. I'm not defending anyone but having read a good bit of studies talking about even and Opthlamic therapy solution raising these levels also. I know many won't read the whole thing but I tried to bold the results.
Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Doping Control Center, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
ying@mail.tcu.edu.tw
Nandrolone is one of the synthetic anabolic steroids banned in sports and has been a popular substance abused by athletes in recent years. One of its major ****bolites, 19-norandrosterone (19-NA), has been used as a determinant for drug violations in sports. Current reports regarding nandrolone-positive cases have been related to intake of some nandrolone-free nutritional supplements. The aim of this study was to learn whether if a nutritional supplement sold by over-the-counter (OTC) nutritional stores could yield the same ****bolic products as that of nandrolone. If so, what is (are) the substance(s) that contributed to the nandrolone ****bolites? To determine the content of an OTC nutritional supplement, a tablet was dissolved in methanol, followed by N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (MSTFA)-trimethyliodosilane (TMIS) derivatization prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The collected urine samples underwent extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, and derivatization before the analyses of GC-MS. The results showed that seven anabolic steroids were found as contaminants in the nutritional supplement, in addition to six that were listed in the ingredients by the manufacturer. We confirmed previous reports that administration of the OTC supplement could produce a positive urine test for nandrolone ****bolites. Furthermore, the results from excretion studies showed that 19-NA and 19-noretiocholanolone (19-NE) were present in urine after consuming the nutritional supplement, nandrolone, 19-nor-4-androsten-3,17-dione, 19-nor-4-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol, and 19-nor-5-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol. The 19-NA concentrations in urine were generally higher than that of 19-NE (19-NA/19-NE ratio > 1.0) especially during the early stage of excretion, that is, before 6 h post-administration. After this period of time, the concentrations of 19-NA and 19-NE fluctuated and might even have reversed (19-NA/19-NE ratio < 1.0) in their ratio, that is, higher yield in 19-NE than that in 19-NA.
On the basis of this study, we postulate that some doping violations of nandrolone could be attributed by indiscriminate administration of the OTC nutritional supplements that contained 19-norsteroids.
PMID: 15902981 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
(
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/en...RVAbstractPlus)
Unintentional doping through the use of contaminated nutritional supplements.van der Merwe PJ, Grobbelaar E.
South African Doping Control Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein.
gnfmpvdm.md@mail.uovs.ac.za
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the intake of contaminated nutritional supplements could cause an athlete to fail a dope test. DESIGN: A contaminated nutritional supplement was used, identified in an ongoing study screening over-the-counter nutritional supplements. One capsule of the supplement, containing small amounts of 19-nor-4-androstenedione and 4-androsten-3,17-dione, not listed on the label, was administered to 5 healthy male volunteers. Fractional urine collection was done at prescribed intervals. Outcome measures. The samples were analysed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Samples containing 19-norandrosterone, the main ****bolite of 19-nor-4-androstenedione, were quantified using GC/MS.
RESULTS: All the volunteers had urinary concentrations of 19-norandrosterone above the World Anti-Doping Agency threshold of 2 ng/ml from 2 hours post administration. In 2 volunteers 19-norandrosterone above the threshold value could still be detected beyond 36 hours post administration. The highest concentration of 19-norandrosterone found in a sample was 54.6 ng/ml at 8 hours post administration. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the intake of microgram amounts of a prohibited substance in a nutritional supplement could cause an athlete to fail a dope test.
PMID: 16156450 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
(
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/en...RVAbstractPlus)
Also lets not discount that a possible supplement he was taking didn't boost it also here's one on that. The only reason I bring this up is because of the small amount it was raised. Where as i've read that other studies that guys that test positive are MUCH higher.
Validation of a GC-MS screening method for anabolizing agents in solid nutritional supplements.Van Thuyne W, Delbeke FT.
Doping Control Laboratory, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
A sensitive and selective method for the screening of 28 different compounds including testosterone and prohormones, nandrolone and prohormones, stanozolol and ****ndienone in solid nutritional supplements is described and validated. The different substances are extracted from the solid nutritional supplements by liquid-liquid extraction with a mixture of pentane and freshly distilled diethylether (9/1) after dissolving the supplement in NaOH (1 N). The anabolizing agents are derivatized with a mixture of MSTFA/NH(4)I/ethanethiol (320/1/2), routinely used for the derivatization of anabolic steroids extracted from urine. The TMS-derivatives are analysed by GC-MS in the SIM mode. The limits of detection were in the range from 2 to 40 ng/g.
One supplement was analysed with this method and was found to contain several forbidden substances according to IOC doping regulations. All detected compounds, except dihydrotestosterone, could be confirmed with GC-MS(2), proving that the proposed method is suitable for the screening of anabolizing agents in solid nutritional supplements. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PMID: 15103700 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
(
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/en...RVAbstractPlus)